That adorable dog or cat might steal your heart, but will it fit your life? Choosing a pet based on looks alone can lead to frustration for both of you.

Barbara Follett, theriogenology resident at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, helps prospective pet owners think beyond appearance to find a companion that truly fits their lifestyle.

Why breed matters

Dogs and cats have been bred for generations for specific purposes, and that history shapes their behavior today.

"Every type of dog will have had a purpose," Follett said. "Knowing about that can definitely help you pick a better companion."

That purpose influences temperament — the animal's character and nature. Whether a pet is outgoing or shy, loves strangers or prefers one person, wants to play for hours or nap all day largely traces back to what it was bred to do.

"There are always outliers, but there's a general trend among breeds of what you can expect," she said.

What to consider before choosing

Follett recommends making a list of what matters to you, including things you might not immediately think of.

  • Energy level. Do you want an active companion for hiking and play, or a relaxed pet happy to lounge with you? "You can have a bigger dog in a smaller place if they're lower energy," Follett said. Size matters less than energy level when it comes to living space. Cats vary widely, too; some are constantly on the move while others are content to nap in a sunny spot.

  • Family and household: Small children, other pets, and frequent visitors all affect which pet will thrive in your home. If you already have pets, consider how a new addition might fit in. Introducing a puppy or kitten is often easier than an adult animal with an unknown history around other pets.

  • Your schedule: Be realistic about how much time you can dedicate to a pet daily, weekly, and monthly. Do you travel often? Dogs need more daily attention, while cats are generally more independent, but still need interaction and enrichment.

  • Grooming commitment: Are you willing to brush regularly or pay for professional grooming? "I know quite a few people who haven't expected how much grooming it's actually going to be," said Follett. This applies to both dogs and long-haired cats, and keep in mind that older cats often need more grooming help as they age.

  • Living space: Do you have a fenced yard, or will every bathroom break be a walk? For cats, will you take them on leash or stroller walks, or will they have access to a catio? Indoor cats need enrichment to stay happy and healthy.

  • What you want from the relationship: Some pets are cuddly and affectionate; others are more independent in their need for space. Think about what kind of companionship you're really looking for.

Dog breed groups at a glance

"For dogs, really consider what it was bred to do, and how that breed or breeds will fit into your life,” Follett said. "Fighting against nature isn't always a winning battle." She suggests looking at breed groups as a starting point. Dogs fall into seven general categories based on their original purpose, and each group shares common traits:

  • Herding dogs like order and structure. They can be intense and may try to herd children or other animals.

  • Sporting dogs tend to be obedient, eager to please, and make good family dogs. Don't be surprised if they freeze at every pigeon on a walk.

  • Terriers are tough, confident dogs bred to hunt vermin and small game. Often described as stubborn, they can also be loyal companions.

  • Hounds follow their senses above all else. Scenthounds might not be ideal running partners — they want to sniff, not sprint — and can have a less than reliable recall. Sighthounds are more aloof, wanting affection on their terms. They were bred for running and will often chase anything that moves.

  • Working breeds are substantial, devoted dogs that can make great family companions if you have space and understand their needs.

  • Non-sporting breeds are a mixed bag. This group includes everything from dalmatians to poodles to bulldogs. Since they weren't bred for one shared purpose, research the specific breed rather than relying on group traits.

  • Toy breeds were bred for companionship and tend to be lower energy. But don't forget they're still dogs — treating them like accessories can lead to behavioral problems.

Cat personalities and breeds

Cats have distinct temperaments, too, and breed plays a bigger role than many people realize.

Some purebred cats are surprisingly dog-like in personality. Bengals are loud, curious, and into everything. Maine Coons tend to be unusually affectionate and social — and huge. Other breeds are more typically cat-like: independent, affectionate on their own terms, and happy with their own company.

Most pet cats are mixed breeds, which makes predicting their personality trickier. "Choosing a cat can be harder in a way because you may not always know what their temperament will be like once they settle in at home," Follett said. "The shelter can be a stressful environment, so it might take time for their true personalities to shine.”

When considering a cat, think about whether you want a social, interactive companion or a more independent pet. Some cats greet you at the door and follow you room to room; others prefer observing from a distance and coming to you when they're ready.

Also consider the practical side: long-haired cats need regular grooming, and that commitment increases as they age. 

Getting to know a pet before committing 

Whether you're looking at a dog or a cat, spending time with the animal before bringing it home helps ensure a good match.

"Getting to know the pet before you go ahead and bring it home is important," Follett said. "You should meet them and get to know them a little bit better before you fully commit."

Ask questions: Are they good with cats? Dogs? Children? What's their energy level? Are they housebroken or litter trained? What's their background? If possible, see if you can spend time with the pet at home for a day or two before making a final decision.

The bottom line

The best match isn't only about finding the cutest pet, it's about finding one whose needs and nature align with your life.

"Be realistic with yourself about how much time you can dedicate," said Follett.  
"Think honestly about your space, your schedule, your family, and what you actually want from a pet.”

That homework upfront can mean years of happy companionship.